Metal material - nickel alloy

Nickel alloy is an alloy composed of other elements added to nickel as a base. The Monel alloy, which contains about 30% copper, produced around 1905, is the earlier nickel alloy. Nickel has good mechanical, physical and chemical properties, adding appropriate elements can improve its oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature strength and improve some physical properties. Nickel alloy can be used as electronic pipe materials, precision alloys (magnetic alloys, precision resistance alloys, electric heating alloys, etc.), nickel-based superalloys and nickel-based corrosion resistant alloys and shape memory alloys. Nickel alloys are widely used in energy development, chemical industry, electronics, navigation, aviation and aerospace and other sectors.

A heavy non-ferrous material consisting of nickel and other alloying elements. In order to further improve the physical and chemical properties of nickel and meet the requirements of science and technology and industrial development, it is necessary to add appropriate alloying elements in nickel.

Nickel alloys belonging to heavy non-ferrous metal materials are mainly nickel alloy for electric vacuum, nickel alloy for thermocouple, Monel alloy, nickel beryllium alloy and nickel-based catalyst alloy for synthetic diamond.

The ingot or casting of nickel alloy is mainly produced by vacuum melting casting. The ingot is first hot-rolled, extruded or forged, then rolled or stretched after intermediate heat treatment, and finally processed into the desired finished product. Some nickel-based superalloys use castings directly or powder metallurgy to make the required parts.

Nickel alloys are mainly used in electronic, chemical, mechanical, medical, energy development and navigation, aviation and aerospace sectors.

Divided by use:

① Nickel-based superalloy. The main alloying elements are chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, aluminum, titanium, boron, zirconium and so on. Among them, chromium plays an anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion role, and other elements play a strengthening role. It has high strength, oxidation resistance and gas corrosion resistance at 650 ~ 1000℃, and is the most widely used and the highest high temperature strength alloy. It is used in the manufacture of high temperature components for aero engine blades and rocket engines, nuclear reactors, and energy conversion equipment.

② Nickel-based corrosion resistant alloy. The main alloying elements are copper, chromium and molybdenum. It has good comprehensive properties and can withstand various acid corrosion and stress corrosion. The earliest application is nickel-copper alloy, also known as Monel alloy; In addition, there are nickel chromium alloy, nickel molybdenum alloy, nickel chromium molybdenum alloy and so on. Used in the manufacture of various corrosion-resistant parts.

③ nickel-based wear resistant alloy. The main alloying elements are chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, but also contain small amounts of niobium, tantalum and indium. In addition to wear resistance, its oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, welding performance is good. It can be used as a coating material, which can be coated on the surface of other base materials by surfacing welding and spraying process.

④ Nickel-based precision alloy. Including nickel-based soft magnetic alloy, nickel-based precision resistance alloy and nickel-based electric heating alloy. The most commonly used soft magnetic alloy is about 80% nickel permalloy, its maximum permeability and initial permeability is high, coercivity is low, is an important core material in the electronics industry. The main alloying elements of nickel-based precision resistance alloy are chromium, aluminum and copper. This alloy has high resistivity, low resistivity temperature coefficient and good corrosion resistance, and is used to make resistors. Nickel-based electrothermal alloy is a 20% chromium nickel alloy with good oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, and can be used for a long time at 1000 ~ 1100℃.

⑤ Nickel-based shape memory alloy. Nickel alloy containing 50 (at)% titanium. The recovery temperature is 70℃, and the shape memory effect is good. A small change in the proportion of nickel-titanium components can make the recovery temperature change in the range of 30 ~ 100℃. It is widely used in the manufacture of automatic opening structural parts used in spacecraft, self-stimulating fasteners used in aerospace industry, artificial heart motors used in biomedicine, etc.

Nickel alloys can be used in the following industries:

1. Heat treatment industry. Such as furnace roller, bell furnace and annealing furnace, etc.

2. Calciner. For example, it is used to calcination to produce high-performance corundum, calcination of chromite to produce chromite alloy, and recovery of nickel used as catalyst in petrochemical industry.

3. Chemical and petrochemical, which are used to prepare new steam cracking crude gasoline furnaces to produce hydrogen, etc.

4. The automation device. Such as catalytic support systems, spark plugs.

5. Cleaning equipment for the nuclear industry, such as nuclear waste removal.

6. The steel industry. Such as the direct reduction of iron ore process, the production of titanium sponge.